Tourism of South Sulawesi

Jeneponto Regency

2008-10-25T23:10:00.000-07:00

Boro Waterfall
although its height is only about 20 m, this waterfall is noted for its very rapid water current. Walking along the stone footbridge will become an interesting adventure. On your way to visit this site, we will served by a captivating mountain panorama and also its cold climate.
Location : + 20 Km from the capital city of Jeneponto Sub Province.

Binamu Empire Mausoleum
This Mausoleum complex divided to a number of groups dissociated by boundary of each area representing the nobility level. This site is an important object for historical and culture study in South Sulawesi.
Location : Tamalatea District, + 16 Km from the capital city of Jeneponto Sub Province.

Takalar Regency

2008-10-08T05:10:00.000-07:00

Procession of Maudu Lompoa
Be the part of the hilarity of a traditional mass ritual of Takalar peoples. Join with local society with their decorative boat pageant which fulfilled with multifarious of a traditional foods. This birth celebration of big prophet Muhammad SAW is an annual event which is bad to let it just pass away.
Location : Cikoang Countryside, 15 Km from Takalar Downtown.

Topejawa Beach
White sand and rather blue sea waters is the especial fascination of this beach. Simply sunning or involve directly in so many activities along this beach like swimming and catching fish will generate a separate impression.
Location : +14 Km from Takalar City.

Typical Cookery of Bone

2008-10-04T20:49:00.000-07:00

If you come in South Sulawesi, Don't forget to come in Bone Regency, because In here there are a lot of beautiful places that you can see and typical cookeries among others Lawa Mairo, Tape, etc.

Besides In Bone there are many dock which sell various fresh sea fish type. At there you can process it with many various like burned, frying, or to be cooked.
So Come and feel the taste of the typical cookery of Bone Regency.

Selayar Regency

2008-10-03T21:15:00.001-07:00

Takabonerate National Sea Park
Explore the sea park with the biggest population of atoll compose in Indonesia, with over 220.000 ha width. The uniqueness of its topography and also various sea biota which exist in this area will present a really excrutiatingly under water panorama. You can also rest at the isles with the white sand beach and decorated by coconuts trees.
Location : + 79 sea mile from regency capital city, Benteng City.

Bone Tappalang Beach
Explore a coast with white sand which encircled by inviting rock bunch. Playing at in its coastal lip, swimming in the blue hue of sea water or simply enjoying coastal panorama from the traditional boat of Selayar peoples will make your vacation be unforgettable.
Location : About 20 voyage minute from Pattumbukan Port.

Jammeng Tourism Countryside
This tourism country side which has an inviting panorama have many interesting tourism object for you to visit. Panorama which offered by this tourism area which is also the best location to enjoy the sun rise really axcrutiatingly. Watch the beauty of a storied waterfall until its inviting coast and seas.
Location : 5 Km from Hara Beach

Gong of Nekara
Found around XVII century, this gong which is still related to the legend of La Galigo was believed came from a center of bronze age empire. To add your knowledge about the history of South Sulawesi generally and Selayar especially it's not wrong for you to come and see it directly.
Location : 4 Km from Benteng City

Baloyya Beach
Sloppy white sand carpet with clear sea water will greet you here when you would arrive at this beach area which also known as the best location to enjoy sunset in Selayar. Ypu earn also to explore the isles residing near from this coast.
Location : 9 Km from the south Benteng City.

Sinjai Regency

2008-09-10T13:46:00.000-07:00

Batu Gojeng Pre Historical Park
Outspread at an area with height about 85 m from the sea level, this park area will offer a beautiful landscape view of Sinjai City and a number of marvelous artefacts from pre historical period. A number of stones which is holed by ancient human beings to be used as a place or a medium to processing foods form consecutif line inside the park which also have a number of typical animal collections of South Sulawesi.
Location : Biringere Countryside, North Sinjai District

Luwu Regency

2008-09-10T13:38:00.000-07:00

Old Mosque Jami
Be the part of Islam development histories in South Sulawesi. Come visit the old mosque which is founded by a Islam spreader figure in Luwu Empire, Datuk Sulaiman.
Location : Palopo City Downtown

Batara Guru Museum
Founded at the Luwu king palace so called Andi Djemma. This museum keep the number of description and collections which will be able to add your knowledge about of Luwu empire and also South Sulawesi.
Location : Batupasi Countryside

Enrekang Regency

2008-09-10T06:15:00.000-07:00

The Panorama of Bambapuang Mountain
From a number of resorts which also function as cafe of restaurant which spread over this areas, you earn to saw Bambapuang Mountain marvelous panoramas. Mountain region sensation will felt in this place. Supported by the ruthless of its air, this area is competent to make sojourn place before you entering sub-province region of Tana Toraja
Location : Axis route between Enrekang and Toraja

Sa'dang River
This biggest river in South Sulawesi will present an exclaim experience for your vacation. With boat of local society, you earn to do a brief tour alongside this river stream which split the Enrekang City.
Location : Enrekang City

Tongkonan cave
Explore also ancient grave area which in the form of a cave with human skulls heap and also dead case in form of custom house of Toraja (Tongkonan). Feel the magical aura which encircle this cemetery area.
Location : Lakawan Country-side, Anggeraja District.

Bone Regency

2008-09-10T05:53:00.000-07:00

Museum Saoraja Lapawowoi

A number of omission collection of Bone empire like crown, clothes, umbrella and also a number of equipments which was usually used during the glory age of Bone empire was kept inside this museum. Entering this museum, we likely penetrate a constrictor curtain between old world and present day. besides offering its collections, this museum often times is also made as an execution place of important rituals related to Bone empire like the procession of Mapasilli Arajang (washing the empire sacred tools).
Location : Tanete Riattang District, Bone Sub province.

Bola Soba
Formerly, it was a residence of Petta Punggawa (The empire war-soldiers leader), this wood building with bugis architecture design is now functioned as a custom meeting room and as a place of implementation of a number of society custom rituals of Bone. If you were lucky, you will be able to enjoy the traditional art show which is frequently conducted in this place.
Location : Mattajang Sub-District, Watampone City.

Gua Mampu Tourism Area
Ascertaining yourself to visit the biggest cave in South Sulawesi. Broadly yard in equal to 700 m2, this cave will presenting an amazing view from the notching of its stalagnits and stalagtits which from marvelous figures. Feel the sensation of adventure of cave brink activity in this location.
Location : + 34 km From Watampone City.

Wajo Regency

2008-08-19T17:56:00.000-07:00

Fisherman Floating Village
With a rented traditional boat, first you will enjoy a journey during 1 hour to arrive at this area. A pleasant journey with natural panorama of Temple lake and various bird type which is life alongside lake peripheral. When you arrive, you'd deal with a unique view, hundreds of floating houses of fisherman and also a number of the activities of its friendly dwellers.
Location : In the center of Temple Lake

Silk Agro Tourism Objects
In this district, you will be able to do an argo tourism activities related to silk weave cloth. Walking along the murbei trees, witnessing the processing silk yarn directly or perceive the moving process will create a unforgettable experiences. You also earn to buy cloth directly from the workers which is of course more cheaper compared to the price after it threw to public market or souvenir shops.
Location : Sabang Paru district 10 Km southerly Sengkang city.

Soppeng Regency

2008-07-13T21:13:00.000-07:00

Lejja Natural Bath
Located in an area covered by grove, this hot natural bath offer freshness sensation and its healing water stemmed from hot wellspring in this location. A number of support facilities like parking area and adequate enough telecommunication facilities till auditorium room and also health resort maisonettes are also available in this bath area.
Location : + 40 Km from Soppeng Downtown.

Yuliana Villa
Enjoy the collaboration of typical architecture styles between Europe and Bugis in this building design. Be the eyewitness of a love manifestation of a Dutch Governor, C.A. Krosen at the queen of Yuliana. Founded in 1905, it is said that this villa have a "twin brother" in Dutch country.
Location : Botto Countryside, Lalabata District.

Coddo Citta Cave
Becoming famous because the invention of a number of ancient human being skulls which is the ancestors of Bugis tribes by Van Hakerent, this cave which is inhabited by a group of this ancient human being become a very attractive tourism and archaeological research site.
Location : Citta Countryside, Liliriaja District + 35 Km eastwards from Soppeng City.

Ompo Natural Swimming Pool
Noted for the ruthless of its water, this natural swimming pool drawing many domestic traveler enthusiasms. Let the ruthless and hygiene of its water caress your body and feel also a number of other tourism activities which is able for you to do around bath location like fishing and play at a boat in an artificial lake.
Location : Ompo Sub-District, Lalabata District, + 3 Km North side Soppeng City.

Pinrang Regency

2008-06-03T06:37:00.000-07:00

Lemo Susu Natural Bath
The coldness of its mountainous climate, make this natural hot water bath have an uniqueness. bathing in its heat basin while breath in the mountain fresh air will be able to make you feel balmy.
Location : Lemo Susu Village

Sulili Natural Bath
The uniqueness of this natural bath is at two wellspring sources residing in this bath area. Each yielding different water type so that you earn to choose, bathe in the warmness of hot basin or in the freshing natural swimming pool which formed by a ground water source on the other side of this natural bath area.

Kali Jodoh Waterfall
This waterfall area with + 4 ha wide have a very exotic natural view. This waterfall which took a place in the middle of a tropical forest, of course will give you a circumstantial aesthetic impression. This waterfall is also famous in local society by myths as a meeting places for ones who not has a couple yet.

Sidenreng Rappang Regency

2008-06-01T07:53:00.000-07:00

Datae Tourism Area
This natural bath with tree swimming pools and a bugis custom house offering its freshness and a number of support facilities.
Location : Pangkajene City

Traditional Dances
The richness of traditional cultures in this regency still can be enjoyed in many traditional dances which is often represented in numbers of custom society rituals. Various dance like Paduppa with traditional music Pakkacaping and many attraction which is usually held in post harvest processions like Padendang and Mattojang will be an inviting attraction for your tourism journey.

Location : Sidrap Regency

Nene Mallomo Craft Workshop
This craft workshop is well known for its silk cloths qualities offering you a chance to get the best handy craft when come to Sidenreng Rappang Regency.

Location : Carawali Village

Sidenreng Lake
You will find a lake scenery with lines of local fishermen in this location. You can try to explore this lake which is prepared to be one of the tourism resort in this regency.

Location : Sidrap Regency

Barru Regency

2008-05-31T08:11:00.000-07:00

Datugeng Island
White sand beach encircling this island with 9 ha width is a tourism resort which have been developed to pamper you. Tens of cottage with ethnic traditional architecture design of Bugis and also restaurant in this island have ready for greeting your arrival.
Location : Cilellang Countryside + 48 Km from Barru Downtown

Mallusetasi Tourism Area
White sand beach with reef bunch switch is not yet been touched by human are the tourism object which can be enjoyed in this marvellous islands. Pannikiang Island for example, you earn to see a typical panorama of tropical archipelago with hundreds of flaminggo birds who make this island as their habitat.
Location : 34 Km from Barru City

Pangkep Regency

2008-05-26T20:34:00.000-07:00

Bissu Community
Bissu is a specific group acting as priests among the Bugis of South Sulawesi, the bissu are imagined to be hermaphroditic beings embodying female and male elements. From the powers of the batin world is needed.

Tana Rajae Tourism Village
After crossing Limbangan river, you'd pass a mangrove line with the outspreadness as far as + 7 Km before finally arrive in this historical place. You can enjoy a number of customs rituals and traditional dances in this countryside which formerly was a center of Pangkajene empire if you were lucky. You can get information concerning the cultural events that goes on in this tourism area on.
Location : Labakkang District

Sumpang Bita Pre Historical Park
Fringing the step to pass you in to an ancient nuance of Sulawesi which besides serving authentic evidence of human life at 8.000 - 3.000 BC of course will create an unique adventure nuance. The beauty scenery arround this park will be the bonus for your visit in this garden.
Location : Sumpang Bita countryside

Kapoposan Maritime Tourism Resort
Bunch of under water rocks which not yet touched by human being make this island is very compatible for you who love the maritime tourism experiences. Its transparent water make you earn to enjoyed the beauty of underwater panorama in this island which is was continuously developed as maritime tourism resort from the top of a boat or try to diving with the diving tools can be bring from makassar, remembering that this island can reach in hours from this province capital city.
Location : Kapoposan Island,/span>

Pare-Pare City

2008-05-26T06:52:00.000-07:00

Jompie Tourism City Forest
Located in the heart of Pare-Pare city, Jompie town forest will offer different sensation for your tourism activities. Just imagine, a tropical forest growing inside a well arranged settlement environtment.
Location : Pare-Pare downtown

Lumpue and Tongrangeng Beach

This two beach are the most popular beach for the society of Pare-Pare. Limited by a coral reef, both will serve you two different tropical coastal panorama, Lumpue beach with its coconut trees while Tongrangeng with its white sands. You earn to conduct pleasant activities in this two beautiful beach, sunbathing on its soft sand, bathing and swimming in the blue water or accompanies your children play on slopy sands. All of the activities is possible to conduct in this area. A number of resorts is also available in this coastal area, ready for pampering you after all of your tourism activities here.
Location : Pare-pare City

Come To Makassar

2008-01-29T23:26:00.000-08:00

Our Culinary In Makassar
- Coto Makassar
- Pisang Epe'
- Pallu Butung
- Pisang Ijo
- Sop Konro
So lets come to Makassar and feel the taste

Gowa Regency

2008-01-25T22:17:00.001-08:00

Somba Opu Fortress

Somba opu fortress is the most luxury and biggest fortress ever founded by Gowa empire which is founded at XVII century by the 9th king of Gowa. The symbol of progress civilization and the bravery of Gowa soldiers which is fight with the colonist power of Dutch. In this fortress area, all of governance and also monarchic commerce activities of Gowa centered before finally, by the agreement of Bungaya, destroyed by the Dutch. Location : + 7 Km up at west from Sungguminasa City (the capital city of Gowa Sub-Province).

Balla Lompoa Museum
With architecture design based on wood which is resulted by a reconstruction of Gowa empire palace in 1936, Balla Lompoa Museum was finally opened in 1978 and then restorated in the 1980. In this museum you'd meet a number of Gowa monarchic omission collections like manuscript, castanets, custom clothes, monarchic weapon, crown and also various equipment. Collections used at the custom ceremony. Location : Jl. K.H. Hasyim, Sungguminasa City.

Mausoleum of Syech Yusuf
Syech Yusuf is a very famous figure who spreading Islam. The people of South Sulawesi named as "Tuanta Salamaka" caused by his obstinacy in propagating Islam. His mausoleum, which by South Sulawesi society called "Kobbang", mysteriously also exist in other various area and state for example in South African, Seylon (Srilanka), and Banten. Location : Jl. Syech Yusuf (the frontier of Makassar City and Gowa Sub-Province).

The Tomb of Sultan Hasanuddin
Sultan Hasanuddin (1629-1670) is a brave king figure and the leader of the resistance of Gowa soldiers to the Dutch. Because of this bravery, He awarded with an epithet as "Eastward Cock". Come visit a number of king's Tomb and also Gowa Monarchic family and taste the bravery values and patriotism spirits of Gowa. Sultan Hasanuddin Tomb is very easy for you to recognize because of its measure, this tomb is the biggest tomb which exist in this funeral complex. Outside the tomb area we can also meet with a big sacred stone block which trusted as the place where "Tomanurung" found for the first time. This stone then become the place to constitute the king's of Gowa. Location : Jl. Syech Yusuf, Katangka Countryside, Somba Opu District.

Malino Natural Tourism Area
At the old world, Malino is a healthy resting place for king's of Gowa, before by governance of dutch colonial turned to be tourism resort. The pine forest plain, beautiful flowers, fruits and also typical vegetable become the uniqueness of this area which is residing in height 1.050 m from the sea level. Typical fresh air of mountain region, plantation of tea, waterfall and also cool natural bath progressively add the fascination at this place to be visited. To all outdoor activities lovers Mount Bawakaraeng with its challenge full paths of treeking is very attactive to be explored. Location : + 76 Km from Sungguminasa City.

Bulukumba Regency

2008-01-19T03:00:00.000-08:00

Tana Beru Traditional Dockyard

It's been a long time since the people of Tana Beru district known as the expert Phinisi boat marker. A number of their masterpieces like Phinisi Nusantara or Amana Gappa which has sailing till Madagascar. See directly the making process of boats while walk long above slopy Tana Beru beach will give different impression for your vacation. A simple tour or order the traditional boat is possible for you to conduct in this location. Location : District of Tana Beru.

Bira Cape
Famous by its magnificent while sands also its rock compose which is still very natural. This area panorama is also very beautiful supported by Puang Janggo hill which can be alternative location for your hiking activities. Location : 41 Km eastwards Bulukumba City.

This costum area of Ammatoa Village
Forest area with a preserved naturality and also the society culture which release their relation form the influences of modernity around will create a circumstantial impression in your marrow. Magical nuance will cover you up at the moment you enter this tourism area. Specification of traditional clothes, houses, and also the activities of its society will give colour for your tourism journey. Location : Tana Toa Village, Kajang District, + 56 Km of Bulukumba Town.

Toraja Regency

2008-01-16T00:10:00.000-08:00

Lemo

Chiseled in stone hill walls encircled by local resident rice field areas, Lemo stone grave will present a perfect collaboration between art, death and custom rituals to your eyes. Guarded by a group of wood dolls so called "tau-tau", trusted as the house for the late souls, this traditional funeral complex of Tana Toraja peoples will represent a deep enough magical impression. Location : Sarira Countryside, 11 Km southerly Rantepao City.

Pallawa
come and visit one of the beautiful countrysides in sub-province of Tana Toraja and enjoy the charming of countryside panorama and the luxury of its tongkonan Pallawa with tens of buffalo horn which decorating its front pillar. Location : + 12 Km northwards Rantepao City.

Londa
Noted for the beauty of its landscape panorama, this ancient cave stone grave area can also be your alternatif tourism journey to Tana Toraja. The uniqueness of this stone grave is at their dead case arrangement which based on blood line and nobility status of the dead. Explore the cave and enjoy the magical sensation which offered by this object. Location : Tikonna Malenong Countryside, Sangalangi District, 5 Km southerly Rantepao City.

Kete Kesu
In the center of a very wide paddy crops, Kete Kesu is a traditional countryside with a remarkable beauty. Consecution of four tongkonan with different functions will greet your arrival in the village of expert chiseler and typical motif of Toraja painter. Location : Bonoran Countryside, Sangalangi District + 4 Km southerly Rantepao City.

Batutumonga
With height above 1300 m from the sea levels, this tourism area promising its ruthless air and a number of object which is able to enrich your tourism journey. In this place you'd meet tens of borning and also get the best do to enjoy the landscape panorama of Rantepao. Location : + 24 Km from Rantepao City.

Sangalla
Description : Immeasurable object have waited for you in this countryside encircled by leafy bamboo trees. From baby grave in tree which have lived during + 300 year, Puang Sangalla stone grave complex until Puang Sangalla tongkonan house which nowadays have been turned into Buntu Kalando museum which kept a number of omissions in the form of family weapons and housewares of Puang Sangalla. Location : + 19 Km from Rantepao City.

Maros Regency

2008-01-15T01:59:00.000-08:00

Bantimurung Waterfall

Located in leafy midst of tropical jungle which is grow in the back of rock hill, Bantimurung waterfall will fascinate your five senses with its beauty. Various type of birds and butterflies in this place, will progressively sway your intention which starve for marvelous tropical and natural scenery. Bathing in its cold water in the bracing air wrap will make you feel fresh and balmy. Location : + 45 Km from Makassar City.

Leang-Leang Pre Historical Park
Mesotilikum paintings in the form of hand chops, pig and dancer figure, the solid prove of pre-historical human activities which have existed in this region since 8.000 BC until 3.000 BC. Location : Countryside of Leang-Leang, District of Kalabbirang, Sub-Province of Maros.

Karaenta Natural Preserve
Its status as protected forest make this forest area become an ideal habitat for a number of scarce specieses like Macaca Maura and Jagawana monkey. You will be able to meet also a number of tropical region flora specieses in this forest area. Besides, there are a cave with + 2.200 m length which will challenge your adventure passion to fringe it. Location : + 11 Km from Bantimurung Waterfall.

Mimpi Cave
A cave which invite you to entering the respecting of a dreamy world with is beautiful stalagtits and stalagnits. By rent a friendly guide around the cave, you'd be led and guided to fringe the footpath in cave with adequate lighting it will be a truly and fun adventure. Location : In the area of Bantimurung Waterfall.

TOURISM of South Sulawesi

2008-01-14T06:53:00.000-08:00

South Sulawesi is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has a beautiful landscape. It is inhabited by three main ethnic groups with their own specific cultures which hopefully will be presenting a great and unforgettable experience.

South Sulawesi at a glance
South Sulawesi, the land of Makassar and Bugis brave sailors, is one of the province found on the main island of Sulawesi. Before the Independence proclamation of Republik Indonesia, this province consist of many monarchies regions which has a very big influence in their age like Luwu, Gowa, and of Bone.

There are three big ethnics in South Sulawesi that is Makassar, Bugis and Toraja which was also recognized with their friendliness. If the Makassar and Bugis tribe known as excellent seaman and predominate the south side, people of Toraja is later recognized with their unique culture which is centralized in upstate of this province. A number of traditional rituals, houses, and also ornaments which are still can be met in Tana Toraja sub-province, which is recognized as " the land of heavenly kings ", made this sub-province became an important tourism site that you must visit.

Makassar City

Orchid Garden
Come and visit the biggest orchid and tropical plants garden in Indonesia and enjoy its beautiful various orchid species planted and developed in this garden. Location : Jl. Mukhtar Lutfi No. 15 Makassar Town.

The Rotterdam Fort
Build in 1545 by the 9th king of Gowa, recognized as I Marigau Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung or Karaeng Turipalangga Ulaweng, this fortress is initially recognized by the name of " Ujung Pandang ". This Fortress is one of omissions of Gowa monarchie glorious ages at the 17th century. Location :Makassar downtown, unidirectional with Losari beach.

The Mausoleum of Prince Diponegoro
Prince Diponegoro is one of the great resistance leader of government of Dutch colonial in Java. The son of Sultan Hamengkubuwono III who born on November 1, 1785. Lead the war of Java that goes on during + 5 years since 1825 until 1830 before finally caught in the year 1845 and detached in Makassar and Menado. Finally on January 8, 1855, he pass away in Makassar. Feel this never give up spirits of the prince in this place. Location : Jl. Diponegoro No. 55 Makassar.

Mandala Monument
Monument is a cenotaph destined to all nations heroes who struggling and died in the Liberation of West Papua from the Dutch in 1963. Location : Makassar downtown, Jl. Jendral Sudirman.

The Mosque of Al Markaz Al Islami
build on 8 may by the General M. Yusuf as the biggest and luxurious Islam Development center in South-East Asia. The mosque have 3 floor with outspread building for the width of 10 hectare with floor made of granite. The architectural design of the mosque is a reflection of integrating process between the values of Islam with the modern and traditional culture as the symbol and pride of local identity. Location : Jl. Mesjid Raya Makassar.

The Old Grave of The King of Tallo
Build around XVII century, this funeral complex have a unique building construction and in a flash seen to look like a construction of a candy (traditional temple of Javanese). At the mausoleum stone walls, we can also found the bas relief of some Al-Qur'an sentences. In this funeral complex there are 778 king mausoleum of Tallo and Gowa commander from early until the final of XVII century. Location : Jl. Sultan Abdullah, + 7 Km North from Makassar.

Paotere Traditional Port
It is a port of traditional sailings boats of the people of South Sulawesi which come from various Indonesia regions. In this port area, we will be able to meet traditional boats and ships of the South Sulawesi and also the loading and unloading activities of their crews. Location : + 2 Km North of Makassar downtown.

Losari Beach
Its amazing Sunset Panorama is a reason why you must came to this site. Besides, you can also enjoy tropical foods like Ikan Bakar, Coto Makassar, Sop Konro and Pisang Epe' in a lot of merchants which spread over this coastal boundary. Location : Makassar downtown.

Kayangan Island Tourism Resort
Description : with the sea transportation facilities which is available around Fort Rotterdam, you earn to wade a calm sea to arrive at Kayangan Island Tourism Resort, an urban community tourism site in Makassar noted for its beautiful coastal scenery. Location : Kayangan Island.

There are a lot of regency in South Sulawesi such us Maros Regency, Pangkep Regency, Barru Regency, Pare-pare City, Sidenreng Rappang Regency, Pinrang Regency, Soppeng Regency, Wajo Regency, Bone Regency, Enrekang Regency, Toraja Regency, Luwu Regency, Sinjai Regency, Selayar Regency, Gowa Regency, Takalar Regency, Jeneponto Regency, Bantaeng Regency and Bulukumba Regency.

In our regency you can find a lot of culture uniqueness, arts diversities and the natural tourism beauty of South Sulawesi.